Full Circle

Here we are on the final segment of our walk around the Forty Saints and if you cast your mind back to the beginning you may recall that we saw some little Mirid Bug nymphs on some Asphodel leaves. I hazarded a guess that they may have been the young of the Orange Blossom Bug, Dionconotus neglectus, as we'd seen the adults before on Yellow Asphodels when we visited The Chamomile Lawn. However, it seems as though we have another contender because if you look closely, these Yellow Asphodels are being visited by another type of Mirid Biug, Horistus infuscatus. But what does it matter which bugs visit which plants? Simply, plants and their attendant insects move around over time as conditions on the planet change. They are climate refugees in a sense and by monitoring the direction of their migrations it helps us to predict where our future climate refugees will go as Earth temperatures continue to rise. The plants, the bugs and us all react to environmental changes in much the same way.

Now, who's for a nice hot mug of saloop? If you'd have lived in England in the 18^th century you'd have kown exactly what I was talking about because this was what was sold on the streets before Starbucks and Costa or even Ye Olde British Tea Shoppe dominated the High Street. It was made from the ground up bulbs of certain orchid species such as this Pyramidal Orchid, Anacamptis pyrimidalis, down at our feet here. As it takes between one and four thousand tubers to make a kilo of orchid flour, or salep, this is rather taking its toll on the orchid population as it is still widely used, particularly in Turkey but also in Greece¹.

You may have noticed these yellow signs during our perigrinations around the Cretan countryside. They are warning you that this is an official dog training zone - in other words; if you're molested by an unruly dog you can't take the owner to court (not successfully at any rate). So far I've never had a problem with an overenthusiastic hunting dog nor an overenthusiastic and trigger-happy hunter for that matter. Meanwhile, sitting on this piece of milky quartz we have a totally misnamed Gaudy Grasshopper. This particular one, Pyrgomorpha conica, couldn't be more camouflaged if he tried but some of the pyrgomorphs have very bright, warning colouration. Hence the group name.

We've nearly come full circle now and the path is lined with so called 'everlasting' flowers. They're very popular with flower arrangers because their colours hold for a long while after they've been cut. They're pretty popular with this cockchafer too who's having a good old feed on this one. Strange word, cockchafer. The chafer bit is late middle English meaning to rub abrasively, but against what I wonder? Cock, in this sense just means large or vigorous (sorry, you were thinking what?) so we're left with a large or vigorous abrasive rubber. As I say, a strange word.

And so we arrive back where we started and we're being sung home by a little chaffinch up on the rock. These are probably our most dedicated of song birds repeating their short phrase up to six thousand times a day. Back in Victorian England singing matches were held between cock birds, the winner being the one who sang his song the most times in a specified period. I was going to point out that there was no television in those days so people had to devise their own entertainment but given the state of British TV today with Bake-offs, Sewing Bees, and Pottery Throws then I wouldn't be surprised if The Great Chaffinch Sing-off wasn't already in the pipeline.

The Extra Bit

1 Eaten to Extinction by Stephanie Pain

Although we have been all around the Forty Saints I am still hoping that we can have one last trip up on the top. However Mrs D is still requiring a lot of nursing and, as recovery is a long term process, I'm not sure when that will be. Stay in touch through Facebook, Twitter or by following the blog. All the best for now,

Steve

Photographic Bit

Many of you have asked me what photographic equipment I use so for details of aperture settings, shutter speeds etc. my pictures will be on Flickr within a few days and that has all the geeky stuff.Pictures were edited with FastStone Image Viewer and combined with Microsoft Paint.

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LINKS:

Share your nature thoughts, photos and comments on Naturalists (the facebook page that accompanies this blog)

Explore the region with the #CreteNature interactive Hiking and Nature Map

Cretan Flora

Flowers of Crete;

BIRDS OF CRETE

Crete Birding

Greek Butterflies and Moths

Aquaworld Aquarium

Visit Greece (National Government Tourist Office)

The Hidden Plateau

Irises and Chaffinches on the approach to the caves

If you remember, at the end of our investigation of The Secret Hollow last week we looked down from a high eminence and spotted some interesting looking caves so this week I thought we’d go and take a closer look at them. You’ll be pleased to hear that we don’t have such an arduous uphill trek to reach our destination this time so we can poke about and explore the undergrowth on our way up. It’s a delightful morning, the sun is just rising and the chaffinches are singing gaily in the pine trees all around us. And here’s our first flower of the day, an exquisite little iris. This particular species, Iris unguicularis, is the original from which the popular garden iris, Mary Barnard, was cultivated and is currently being investigated for its antidiabetic compounds. Beautiful and useful; a bit like me really. Harrumph! Onwards and upwards.

Signs of life inside and Golden Cassidony outside the caves

So here we are at the caves. Quite shallow, little more than rock niches really but we’ll investigate anyway. The rock appears to be sedimentary quartz conglomerate, pushed up from an ancient sea bed and here on the floor it seems that some small animal has brought bedding in from outside. There are no signs of parasites in the bedding so it doesn’t look as though it is very recent. If I shine my torch on this ledge up here I see we have a birds nest from last year as well. Not the most exciting cave we’ve ever been in (that honour must surely go to The Cave of the Two-toned Goat ) but that’s the thrill of caves – you never know what you might find. Did you notice that little bush outside? You can be forgiven for overlooking it but take a closer look at the flower heads under the lens. Its common name is Golden Cassidony and it is one of the Helichrysums which, if you’re into essential oils, is the genus responsible for ‘Everlasting’ and ‘Immortal’.

View from the summit with Fumana and Wall Brown

And now we have a bit of rock climbing to do because I fancy that there’s a lot more to see above these caves than inside them. Only fifteen metres or so but watch your handholds and footholds, bits of conglomerate have a tendency to come loose. There, not too difficult was it? And the view is quite stunning. All those hills and valleys waiting to be explored. Meanwhile we seem to have found a little plateau, seemingly untouched by man and in pristine condition. It’s simply covered in Fumana, those little yellow flowers with red buds and look, a Wall Brown butterfly. That’s the first one I’ve ever seen out here. I wonder what else we can find?

Dysdera spider holes up in a skull

Now this is interesting. I’ve just picked up this skull here and underneath I’ve found a spider in a silk cocoon. It’s one of the three Dysdera species to be found on Crete. They spend the day sleeping in their beds of finest silk like this, usually under stones or bark, and then come out at night using their speed to hunt down prey. Quite often you’ll find these spiders in caves but I didn’t see any when we were down below. Time for a bit of entomology I think. Enough of arachnids for the moment, let’s go and see what insects we can find. 

Mediterranean Slant-faced Grasshopper and Mirid Bug

Don’t ever let anyone tell you that insects don’t possess a sense of humour. I’ve just spent the past hour crawling about on my stomach, peering under rocks and bushes and the best I’ve come up with is one black and red Mirid bug. I come back to where I’ve left my collecting bag and who should be sitting here, grinning at me, but this Mediterranean Slant-faced Grasshopper. Sometimes wildlife just likes to take the proverbial Mickey. You know, there’s so much to see up here and we haven’t explored half of it yet. It’s clouding over a bit so what do you say we go back and have some lunch, compare our notes and come back again next week? We’ve got plenty of flower photographs to study (which you can see here ) and in the meantime we’ll see if we can find an easier route back down.

Until next week – happy hunting.

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With special thanks this week to Despina Tsafetopoulou at Spiders of Greece and Cyprus for her help with Dysdera spiders and a whole bouquet of botanists from various groups who have taken the time to discuss the diverse flower species in detail.

LINKS:

Naturalists (the facebook page that accompanies this blog)

Flowers of Crete;

BIRDS OF CRETE

Crete Birding

Greek Butterflies and Moths

Aquaworld Aquarium

Visit Greece (National Government Tourist Office)